Botulinum Toxin: Mechanism, Results and Side Effects — Wrinkles, Facial Slimming and Sweat Reduction in One Read

Botulinum toxin is a natural neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, and is a neuromuscular blocking agent. In the mid-20th century, researchers injecting it for blepharospasm unexpectedly discovered its wrinkle-reducing effect. The principle is to block signal transmission between nerve and muscle so that the muscle does not contract, thereby reducing wrinkles produced by facial movement.

Main effects

• Softening dynamic wrinkles: improves crow’s feet, frown lines, nasolabial folds, glabellar lines and others
• Shaping facial contour: relaxes the masseter line to achieve a lifting, V-face effect
• Reducing sweat: inhibits transmission between sympathetic nerves and sweat glands, reducing local hyperhidrosis
• Refining the calves: reduces calf muscle volume to achieve a slimmer-leg effect

How long results last

Results generally last 3–6 months, depending on injection dose, site and personal habits. More frequently used muscles such as the masseter tend to have a shorter duration. Common brands include Botox (USA), Dysport (UK), Xeomin (Germany) and others.

Side effects and risks

• Brief redness, swelling or bruising, settling in 2–3 days
• Stinging or a dull ache at the injection site, settling in a few days
• Ptosis: if injection is inaccurate or the dose is too high, the product may spread to nearby muscles, causing eyelid ptosis or brow ptosis
• Facial stiffness: excessive dose leaves muscles weak and expression stiff

It must therefore be performed by a qualified doctor to reduce the risk of side effects. For 6 hours after injection, it is advisable to avoid make-up, washing the face or vigorous exercise.

Frequently asked questions

• Onset: expression lines take effect in 3–7 days, reaching maximum effect at about 2 weeks; V-face takes effect in about 3–4 weeks
• Injection frequency: once every 4–6 months is recommended
• Unsuitable for: those allergic to the ingredients, pregnant or breastfeeding, under 18, or currently receiving oral or injectable steroids